What is Autism? The syndrome of autism is a severely incapacitating and life-long disability that typically appears within the first three years of life. It is best described as a neurological dysfunction. However, the exact nature or type of dysfunction has not yet been determined. Autism and its related disorders is estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals. Autism tends to be three-to-four times more common in boys than girls and knows no racial, social, ethnic or social boundaries. Currently, there is no definitive medical test, such as a blood test, to identify autism. Individuals diagnosed with autism tend to be diverse. If a person were to walk into a room full of autistic individuals, they would likely be struck more by the differences than the similarities. However, all autistic individuals share common behavioural characteristics, and it is on this basis that a diagnosis is made. At present, physicians, psychiatrists and psychologists rely on the behavioural criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) when diagnosing autism. Generally, autistic individuals display the following: Impaired ability to engage in social interaction; Impaired communication skills; and Specific behavioural patterns (e.g., preoccupation, resistance to change, adherence to non-functional routines and stereotyped and repetitive behaviours). In addition, there are a number of other characteristics associated with autism. However, these characteristics do not have to be present for the diagnosis to be made. These include: short attention span / impulsivity; self-injurious behaviours; odd responses to sensory input; abnormalities of mood; an uneven profile of skill development; abnormalities in eating, drinking or sleeping; unusual fears or anxieties; and the presence of special abilities. Autism may be accompanied by other handicapping conditions, such as seizures or significant cognitive (intellectual) delays. Most autistic individuals have no physical disabilities and appear "normal". It is important to note that the symptoms displayed by an individual with autism can change as the individual matures and/or receives treatment. Autism is a Pervasive Developmental Disorder. Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders include: Asperger's Disorder, Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Development Disorder (not otherwise specified). There is no known cure for autism. Although claims regarding "cures" have been made, they have not been substantiated. Research indicates that the most successful method for treating and educating autistic individuals involves structured and intensive behavioural interventions. Through effective intervention autistic individuals can be assisted to fulfill their unique potential and lead happier and more productive lives.

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Last updated June 2007.